School Safety in The Ottoman State After Tanzimat

Abstract

In the Ottoman Empire, especially after the Tanzimat period, there was an increase in the diversity, quality and quantity of schools due to internationally developing science and technology, war conditions and other factors. This increase in the number, quality and quantity of schools brought with it security problems, and new security tools and rules were needed to maintain order and order within the school. Bevvâb, mubassir, night guards, law enforcement officers and, when necessary, military elements constituted the security tools of Ottoman schools, while the laws specified in the new education regulations constituted the security rules of Ottoman schools. This study aims to fill the gap in the literature by looking at the history of Ottoman education from a security perspective. In addition, the effects of the Tanzimat Edict on Ottoman schools, the security problems in Ottoman schools, the measures taken against these problems and the personnel assigned are discussed within the scope of the study. The fact that the public order-based security problems of Ottoman schools have not been directly addressed until this time reveals the importance of this study.  In addition, police, gendarmerie and military schools, which were already security production centers, were not addressed within the scope of this study. A literature review was conducted using Ottoman archival documents, secondary sources and open sources.